Apparatus for making footwear



M. S. CATE Aug. 25, 1959 APPARATUS FOR MAKING FOOTWEAR 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Aug. 22, 1957 Ja nlk l JNVENTOR. MALCOLM S. CATE BY 7 $22 A TYI M. S. CATE Aug. 25, 1959 APPARATUS FOR MAKING FOOTWEAR 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Aug. 22, 1957 INVENTOR. MALCOLM S. CATE FIG. 2

Aug. 25, 1959 GATE 2,900,953

APPARATUS FOR MAKING FOOTWEAR Filed Aug. 22, 1957 4 ShetS-ShQGt $5 INVENTOR 6.3 MALCOLM S. CATE ATTY'.

ATTY.

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INVENTOR.

M. S. CATE Aug. 25, 1959 APPARATUS FOR MAKING FOOTWEAR 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed Aug. 22, 1957 United States PatentOfice 2,900,953 Patented Aug. 25, 1959 APPARATUS FOR MAKING FOOTWEAR Malcolm S. Cate, Water-town, Mass, assignor to The B. F. Goodrich Company, New York, N.Y., a corporation of New York Application August 22, 1957, Serial No. 679,608

Claims. (Cl. 118-217) This invention relates to apparatus for making footwear and pertains more particularly to apparatus for applying a liquid adhesive composition to the lower marginal zone of the upper of a shoe assembly and, if desired, to the sole or bottom face of the shoe assembly preparatory to assembling an outsole and a foxing strip on the shoe.

In the manufacture of fabric-upper shoes with a rubber or plastic outsole and a foXing strip extending over the bottom margin of the upper and over the edge of the outsole, a liquid adhesive normally is applied to the bottom face of the shoe assembly and to the lower marginal zone of the upper of the shoe assembly before the outsole and foxing strip are assembled on the shoe. The adhesive must be applied so that no adhesive shows above the upper edge of the foxing strip when the foxing strip is in position on the shoe or the shoe will have an unsightly appearance. Many attempts have been made to develop apparatus for performing this operation, but all such attempts heretofore have been unsuccessful. Since no apparatus has been available, the adhesive has been applied by brushing it by hand onto the bottom face of the shoe assembly and onto the lower marginal zone of the upper of the shoe assembly which in the finished shoe will underlie the foxing strip. A guideline drawn on the fabric upper has been used to determine the upper extent to which the adhesive should be applied. However, this method for applying the adhesive to the shoe assembly is not completely satisfactory and only has been used because no better way for performing theeoperation was known. The application of the adhesive by hand is a time-consuming and tedious operation. Furthermore, even though a guideline is used to determine how far up on the fabric upper the adhesive should be applied, it is impossible to consistently apply the adhesive by hand to this guideline without unintentionally applying adhesive above the guideline at times. When this occurs, the adhesive line shows above the foxing strip in the finished shoe, and the shoe must be scraped or sold as inferior merchandise.

The present invention provides apparatus which conveniently and economically applies the adhesive to the shoe assembly. The apparatus insures that the adhesive is applied the proper distance up the side of the fabric upper of the shoe so that the upper margin of the foxing strip will be securely bonded along its entire extent to the fabric upper without adhesive showing above the foxing strip when the shoe is completely assembled.

A preferred embodiment of this invention will be described hereinafter. The invention will be fully understood by referring to the following description and to the accompanying drawings in which:

Fig. l is a sideelevational view of apparatus within the scope of this invention;

Fig. 2 is a side elevational view of one of the adhesive applicator assemblies of the apparatus shown in Fig. l, the outline of the second adhesive applicator assembly being shown in phantom;

Fig. 3 is a plan view of the two adhesive applicator assemblies of the apparatus shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is a front elevational view partly broken away of the two adhesive applicator assemblies of the apparatus shown in Fig. l; and

Fig. 5 is a plan view partly broken away of the two adhesive applicator assemblies of the apparatus shown in Fig. 1.

Referring to the drawings, the apparatus comprises a frame 10 which provides support for the conveyor assembly and other components of the apparatus. The conveyor assembly includes a chain conveyor 11 which passes around a drive sprocket-wheel .12 driven by motor 13 and around an idler sprocket-wheel 14. Last-holders 1'5, '15 are secured to chain conveyor 11 and travel therewith as chain conveyor .11 advances around sprocket-wheels 12, v14. Each last-holder 15 is provided with a locking device 16 which fits into the jack-receiving cavity of a shoe last and holds the last with the shoe assembly thereon rigidly affixed to chain conveyor 11. As shown in Fig. 1, as chain conveyor 11 passes around sprocket-wheels 12, 14, it advances the lasts 17, 17 with shoe assemblies 18, 18 thereon and causes the shoe assemblies 18, 18 to pass through the two adhesive applicator assemblies '20, 21 of the apparatus.

Each adhesive applicator assembly comprises a guide roll assembly and a brush assembly. In the embodiment of the invention shown and described, the guide roll assemblies of the adhesive applicator assemblies 20, 21 are constructed so that they not only control the height to which adhesive is applied up the side of the upper of shoe assembly 18 (as will be explained hereinafter) but also apply adhesive to the bottom face of shoe assembly 18. As shown in Figs. 2, 3, 4 and 5, the two adhesive applicator assemblies 20, 21 are similarly constructed although they are arranged in opposite tandem relation. Since both adhesive applicator assemblies 20, 21 essentially are identical in construction, only adhesive applicator assembly 20 will be described in detail, the corresponding parts of adhesive applicator assembly 21 being identified by the same numerals as those used to identify the parts of adhesive applicator assembly 20.

The guide roll assembly of adhesive applicator assembly 20 comprises a guide roll 22 (which in this embodiment of the invention also functions as a coating roll) mounted on shaft 23 journaled in bearing 24. Guide roll 22 is driven by power transmitted through belt 25 which passes around pulley-wheel 26 mounted on shaft 23. Belt 25 also passes around pulley-wheel 27 mounted on shaft 28 which is driven by motor 13 through belt 29. The speed at which guide roll 22 is driven preferably is such that the peripheral speed of guide roll 22 is greater than the speed at which chain conveyor 11 advances the shoe assemblies 18, 18 over guide roll 22, so that adhesive applied to the peripheral face of guide roll 22 is wiped onto the bottom face of the shoe assembly as it passes over guide roll 22.

As shown in Fig. 4, shafts 23, 23 of the guide roll assemblies of adhesive applicator assemblies 20, 21 tilt downwardly as they extend inwardly toward the central plane 30 that extends midway between the two adhesive applicator assemblies 20, 21, so that guide rolls 22, 22 are canted toward each other. Since the bottom face of shoe assembly 18 normally is not fiat, it is necessary that guide rolls 22, 22 be so disposed, i.e., that guide rolls 22, 22 tilt toward each other, to insure that adhesive is applied the proper distance up the side of the upper of the shoe assembly 18. With guide rolls 22, 22 canted toward each other, the lateral edge of the shoe assembly separating the upper of the shoe assembly from the bottom face of the shoe assembly contacts guide rolls 22, 22 as the shoe 3 assembly is advanced through adhesive applicator assemblies 20, 21.

The brush assembly of adhesive applicator assembly 20 comprises a nozzle 32 through which a liquid adhesive material (for example, a latex adhesive) is diseharged, the liquid adhesive being supplied to nozzle 32 through a flexible tube 33 connected to nozzle 32 at one end and to a pump 34 at its other ehd. Pump 34 pumps the adhesive to nozzle 32 from a reservoir 35 supplied with adhesive from tank 36. As shown in Fig. 4, nozzle 32 has a notched orifice 37, providing an overhanging lip 38 which bears against the upper of the shoe assembly 18 as it is advanced through the adhesive applicator assembly 20 and prevents adhesive discharged from nozzle 32 from flowing or splashing above the line on the upper of the shoeassembly 18 described by lip 38 of nozzle 32. Nozzl'e 32 is retained'by clamp nut 39 in a fixed position in a groove (not shown) in cam 40. Brush 41 bears against the upper of shoe assembly 18, as the shoe assembly passes through the adhesive applicator assembly 20, and spreads the adhesive'evenly over the lower margin of the upper preventing the application of too heavy a coating of adhesive to this area of the shoe assembly. Brush 41 is retained in a housing 42 which is secured to arm 43a of bell crank 43, and is locked in position in housing 42 by pin 44. Cam follower 45 is secured to the end of arm 43a of bell crank 43 and rides on cam face 4% of cam 40. A doctor plate 46 is mounted on the end of arm 43b of bell crank 43, and bears against the upper of the shoe assembly 18 as the shoe assembly passes through the adhesive applicator assembly 20. The doctor plate 46 prevents brush 41. disposed beneath it from applying adhesive above the adhesive line described by doctor plate 46 on "the upper of shoe assembly 18 which adhesive line corresponds to the upper extent on the shoe to which the foxing strip will extend when the shoe is completely assembled. A pivot arm 47 is pivotally mounted at one end to arm 430 of bell crank 43 and is pivotally mounted at its other end to cam 40. A spring 48 secured at one end to stud 49 mounted on collar 50 (which retains pivot arm 47 pivotally mounted with cam 40) and secured at its other end to stud 51 mounted on cam 40 continually urges brush 41 and bell crank 43 with doctor plate 46 thereon toward plane'3i so that these parts of the apparatus are continually urged against the upper of the shoe assembly 18 as it passes through the adhesive applicator assembly 20. A height adjustment plate 53 is mounted to lug 54 of cam 40 which is slidably mounted between guide supports 55, 55. A rack 56 mounted on one of the guide supports 55 engages with a pinion 57 mounted to height adjustment plate 53. An adjustment arm 58 mounted to pinion 57 has a projection which is adapted to fit into openings 59 of height adjustment plate 53. It will be apparent that as pinion 57 is rotated, the brush assembly of adhesive applicator assembly 20 will be raised or lowered with respect to guide roll 22 thereby permitting adjustment of the height on the upper of shoe assembly 318 to which adhesive is applied. This adjustment'permits foxing strips of different widths to be used on different styles of footwear. Guide supports 55, 55 are mounted to bearing 66) in which shaft 61 is journaled permitting the brush assembly of adhesive applicator assembly 20 to pivot about shaft 61. Spring assembly 62 pivotally mounted to bearing 6% and to housing 63 (which is composed of several parts for ease of assembly and maintenance, but which functions as an integral unit) continually'urges the brush assembly of the adhesive applicator assembly 20 toward plane 30, so that, when a shoe assembly 18 is not being advanced through the adhesive applicator assembly 2tl, lip 38 of nozzle 32 is urged by spring assembly 62 at least to plane 3b and so that, as a shoe assembly 13 is being advanced through the adhesive applicator assembly 2h, lip 38 of nozzle 32 is ungedby spring assembly 62 against the upper of the shoeassembly.

. The adhesive applicator assembly 20 is slidably mounted on a guide support bar 64 housed in channel 65 of housing 63. A spring assembly comprised of rod 66, bearing 67 and spring 65 is mounted to guide support bar 64 by spacer bars 69, 69, bearing 67 of the spring assembly being mounted to bearing 24 of the coating roll assembly of adhesive applicator assembly 20. The lower end of guide support bar 64 is pivotally mounted to brace 70 which in turn is pivotally mounted to frame 10. The upper end of guide support bar 64 is pivotally mounted to arm 71 which is pivotally mounted to frame 10 and to internal screw block 72. Threaded adjustment rod 73 is threaded through internal screw block 72 and is journaled in bearing '75 mounted to frame 10. Guide support bar 64 of adhesive applicator assembly 21 is mounted to adjustment rod 73 in the same manner as guide support bar 64 of adhesive applicator assembly 20. It will be appreciated that as adjustment rod 73 is turned, both adhesive applicator assemblies 20, 21 are raised or lowered as a unit whereby the apparatus can be adjusted to accommodate lasts of diifere'nt heights. The position of adhesive applicator assemblies 20, 21 should be so adjusted by turning adjustment rod 73 that the top portions of guide rolls 22, 22 normally extend above the path along which the bottom 'face of the shoe assembly 18 will pass as the shoe assembly is advanced through adhesive applicator assemblies 20, 21 so that the shoe assembly exerts a downward force on guide rolls 22, 22 as it advances through the adhesive applicator assemblies 20 21. The downward force exerted on the guide rolls 22, 22'by the shoe assembly 18 causes the adhesive applicator assemblies 20, 21 to be depressed downwardly along guide support bars 64, 64. However, springs 68, 68 of the adhesive applicator assemblies Zll, '21 urge the adhesive applicator assemblies toward their normal position. As a result, guide rolls 22, 22 are held firmly against the shoe assembly 18 as the shoe assembly advances through the adhesive applicator assemblies. After the shoe assembly 13 has passed through an adhesive applicator assembly, spring 68 of that adhesive applicator assembly returns the adhesive applicator assembly to its normal position.

When the apparatus is being operated, liquid adhesive is continuously pumped through nozzles 32, -32 of adhesive applicator assemblies 26, 21. When no shoe assembly '18 is being advanced through the adhesive applicator assemblies 20, 21, the adhesive discharged from nozzles 32, 32'flows onto guide rolls 22, 22 of the adhesive applicator assemblies 20, 21 and applies-a coating of adhesive to the peripheralfaces of the guide rolls. Excess adhesive deposited on guide rolls 22, 22 drips down into tray 76 which returns the excess adhesive to reservoir 35.

In the embodiment of the invention shown and described herein, the shoe assemblies18, 18 are advanced heel-first through the adhesive applicator assemblies 20, 21. As the shoe assembly 18 is advanced, the heel of the shoe assembly first contacts guide roll 22 of adhesive applicator 20 and, as explained above, depresses the adhesive applicator assembly 20. Because guide rolls 22, 22 are tilted toward each other, coating rolls 22, 22 make tangential contact with the shoe asse'mbly 18 along the lateral edge of the shoe assembly which'separates the upper of the shoe assembly from the bottom face of the shoe assembly. As a result, the adhesive applicator assemblies 20, 21 move vertically along the respective guide support bars 64, 64 of the adhesive applicator assemblies with vertical changes in contour of the lateral edge of the shoe assembly from thebottom face of the shoe assembly to maintain the tangential contact between guide rolls 22, 22 and shoe assembly 18. Because of this movement of adhesive applicator assemblies 20,-21, adhesive always is applied the same distanceupthe side of the upper of the shoe assembly. As theshoe assembly 18 proceeds through adhesive applicator assembly 20, the shoe assembly contacts lip38 of nozzle 32 which flows adhesive onto the lower marginal zone of the upper of the shoe assembly. The shoe assembly 18 next contacts brush 41 which spreads the adhesive evenly and wipes excess adhesive from the upper, doctor blade 46 preventing the brushing of adhesive above an adhesive line described by doctor blade 46 on the upper of the shoe assembly. (Fig. 3 shows a shoe assembly 18 in fantom being advanced through adhesive applicator assembly 20.) As the shoe assembly 18 advances, it contacts guide roll 22 of adhesive applicator assembly 21 depressing this adhesive applicator assembly, and then in succession contacts nozzle 32 and brush 41 of adhesive applicator assembly 21 which parts function in the same manner as the corresponding parts of adhesive applicator assembly 20. It will be observed that adhesive applicator assembly 20 applies adhesive to one-half of the shoe assembly while adhesive applicator assembly 21 applies adhesive to the other half of the shoe assembly. When the shoe assembly 18 has passed through an adhesive applicator assembly, the adhesive applicator assembly is returned to its normal position, as explained above. (Fig. 5 shows adhesive applicator assembly 20 returned to its normal position after the shoe assembly has passed through adhesive applicator assembly 20 and shows a shoe assembly 18 in fantom just before it has completed its pass through adhesive applicator assembly 21.)

After the shoe assembly 18 has passed through adhesive applicator assemblies 20, 21, the last 17 with shoe assembly 18 thereon is removed from the chain conveyor 11 by an operator who assembles the outsole and foxing strip onto the shoe assembly.

It will be appreciated that the degree of cant of guide rolls 22, 22 determines whether guide rolls 22, 22 function merely as guide rolls for adjusting the vertical position of the adhesive applicator assemblies 20, 21 to compensate for vertical changes in contour of the lateral edge of the shoe assembly or whether guide rolls 22, 22 will function both as guide rolls and coating rolls. If the degree of cant is not too great, the bottom face of the shoe assembly will contact adhesive on the peripheral face of the guide rolls and be coated with adhesive. Guide rolls 22, 22 have been found to function quite satisfactorily as both guide rolls and coating rolls when the guide rolls 22, 22 are canted about 6 from a vertical position. If it is desired that adhesive not be applied to the bottom face of the shoe assembly by the adhesive applicator assemblies, but be applied by other means, the degree of cant of guide rolls 22, 22 should be increased until the bottom face of the shoe assembly does not contact the adhesive on the peripheral faces of guide rolls 22, 22. When guide rolls 22, 22 are to be used as coating rolls for applying adhesive to the bottom face of the shoe assembly, they should be so positioned with respect to plane 30 extending midway between adhesive applicator assemblies 20, 21 that the inner peripheral edge 77 of each guide roll 22 extends at its upper reach at least to plane 30 so that adhesive will be applied to the entire bottom face of the shoe assembly.

Although a specific embodiment of this invention has been described herein, it will be understood that all obvious variations and modifications are included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

I claim:

1. Apparatus for applying liquid adhesive to the lower marginal zone of the upper of a shoe assembly preparatory to assembling an outsole and a foxing strip onto the shoe assembly, said apparatus comprising a pair of guide rolls mounted in lateral opposition for engaging opposite sides of the lateral edge of the shoe assembly as it is advanced through a coating station at which liquid adhesive is applied to the lower marginal zone of the upper of the shoe assembly, said guide rolls being mounted for revolution in the same direction and having peripheral faces which at said coating station are slanted to present 6. faces in the form of an obtuse-angled V when viewed in the direction of advance of the shoe assembly against which the lateral edge of the shoe assembly bears as it is advanced over said guide rolls, each said guide roll having associated therewith and spaced therefrom means at said coating station for applying liquid adhesive to the lower marginal zone of the upper of the shoe assembly as the shoe assembly is advanced over said guide rolls, each said guide roll and the said adhesive-applying means associated therewith being mounted for vertical movement as a unit independently of the other said guide roll and adhesive-applying means to and from a position to which said guide roll and adhesive-applying means unit is biased so that adhesive will be applieda uniform distance up the side of the upper of the shoe assembly irrespective of the vertical variance in the contour of the lateral edge of the shoe assembly, said apparatus having means for continual-1y urging each of said adhesiveapplying means against the shoe assembly as the shoe assembly is advanced past said adhesive-applying means.

2. Apparatus for applying liquid adhesive to the lower marginal zone of the upper of a shoe assembly and to the bottom face of the shoe assembly preparatory to as sembling an outsole anda foxing strip onto the shoe assembly, said apparatus comprising a pair of guide rolls mounted in lateral opposition for engaging opposite sides of the lateral edge of the shoe assembly as it is advanced through a coating station at which liquid adhesive is applied to the lower marginal zone of the upper of the shoe assembly and to the bottom face of the shoe assembly, said guide rolls being mounted for revolution in the same direction and having peripheral faces which at said coating station are slanted to present faces in the form of an obtuse-angled V when viewed in the direction of advance of the shoe assembly against which the lateral edge of the shoe assembly bears as it is advanced over said guide rolls, the slant of the peripheral faces of said guide rolls at said coating station being of a magnitude that the bottom face of the shoe assembly comes in contact with liquid adhesive disposed over the peripheral faces of said guide rolls as the shoe assembly is advanced over said guide rolls, each said guide roll having associated therewith andspaced therefrommeans at said coating station for applying liquid adhesive to the lower marginal zone of the upper of the shoe assembly as the shoe assembly is advanced over said guide rolls, each said guide roll and the said adhesive-applying means associated therewith being mounted for vertical movement as a unit independently of the other said guide roll and adhesiveapplying means to and from a position to which said guide roll and adhesive-applying means unit is biased so that adhesive will be applied a uniform distance up the side of the upper of the shoe assembly irrespective of the vertical variance in the contour of the lateral edge of the shoe assembly, said apparatus having means for continually urging each of said adhesive-applying: means against the shoe assembly as the shoe assembly is advanced past said adhesive-applying means.

3. Apparatus for applying liquid adhesive to the lower marginal zone of the upper of a shoe assembly preparatory to assembling an outsole and a foxing strip onto the shoe assembly, said apparatus comprising conveyor means for advancing the shoe assembly through a coating station at which liquid adhesive is applied to the lower marginal zone of the upper of the shoe assembly, a pair of guide rolls mounted in lateral opposition for engaging opposite sides of the lateral edge of the shoe assembly as it is advanced through said coating station, said guide rolls being mounted for revolution in the same direction and having peripheral faces which at said coating station are slanted to present faces in the form of an obtuseangled V when viewed in the direction of advance of the shoe assembly against which the lateral edge of the shoe assembly bears as it is advanced over said guide rolls, each said guide roll having associated therewith and; spaced. therefrom means at. said" coating station: for applying liquid adhesive to the lower marginal zone of the upper of the shoe assembly as the shoe assembly is advanced over said; guide rolls, each said; guide roll and the saidv adhesive-applying. means: associated therewith beingpmounted: for vertical movement. as a unit independently of the other said guide roll and adhesiveapplyingmeans toand from: a position to which" said guideiroll and. adhesive-applying; means unit isbiased so that adhesive will be applied a uniform distance up the side, of? the; upper of thevv shoe assembly irrespective of the vertical variance in the: contour of the lateral edge of, the, shoe assembly, and: saidv apparatus having means, for continually urging each of said adhesive-applying means against. the, shoe assembly as the shoe assembly is ad.- vanced pastsaid, adhesive-applying. means.

4; Apparatus for applyingliquid adhesive to the lower marginal zone of they upper of a shoe, assembly preparatory to assembling an, outsole and, a foxing strip onto the shoe assembly, said apparatus comprising conveyor means for advancing: the shoe assembly through a coating station at which liquid adhesive is applied to the lower marginal zone of the upperof the shoe assembly, a pair of guide rolls mounted inlateral opposition and in tandem relation for engaging opposite sides ;of the lateral edge of the shoeassembly as it is advanced through said coating station, said guide rolls being mountedfor revolution in the same direction and havingperipheral faces which at said'coating station are slanted to present'facesin the form of an obtuse-angled, V when viewed'in the direction of advance of the shoe assembly against which the lateral edge of the shoe assembly bears as it is advanced over said guide rolls, each saidgguide roll having associated there with and spaced therefrom means at said coating station for applying liquid adhesive to the lower marginal zone of the upper of the shoe assembly as the shoe assembly is advanced over said guide rolls, each said guide roll and the said adhesive-applying means associated therewith being mounted for vertical movement as a unit independently of the other said guide roll and adhesive-applying means toand from a position to which said guide roll and adhesive-applying means unit is biased so that adhesive will be applied a uniform distance up the side of the upper of the shoe assembly irrespective of the vertical variance in the contour of the lateral edge of the shoe assembly,

said apparatus having means for continually urging; each of said adhesive-applying means against the shoe assembly as-the shoe assembly is'advanced': past-said adhesive-applying. means, and said apparatus having. adjustingmeansfor changing: the spacing between the adhesive-applying means and the guide roll with which it is: associated. Whereby the distance up-the side of the upper of the shoe assem bly to which adhesive is applied can be changed.

5. Apparatus for applying liquid adhesive to the lower marginal zone of the upper of a shoe assembly preparatory to assembling an outsole and a foxing strip ontothe shoe assembly, said apparatus comprising a pair of: cy1indrical-shaped guide rolls mounted in lateral opposition for engaging opposite sides of the lateral edge of the shoe assembly as it is advanced through acoating station at. which liquid adhesive is applied to the lower marginal zone of the upper of the shoe assembly, said guide rolls being mounted for revolution in the same direction and being canted with their peripheral faces at said coating station presenting faces in the form of an obtuse-angled V when viewed in: the direction of advance of the shoe assembly against which the lateral edge of the shoe assembly bears as itis advanced over said guide rolls, each said guide roll having. associated therewith and spaced therefrom means 5 at said coating. station for applying. liquid adhesive to the lower marginal zone of the upper ofthe shoe assembly as the shoe assembly is advanced over said guide rolls,

each said guide roll and the said adhesive-applying means associated therewith being mounted for vertical movement as a unit independently of the other said guide roll and adhesive-applying means to and from a position to which said guide roll and adhesive-applying means unit is biased so that adhesive will be applied a uniforrndistance up the side of the. upper of the shoe assembly irrespective of the vertical variance in the contour of the lateral edge of the shoe assembly, and said apparatus having means for continual'ly urging. each of said adhesive-applying means against the shoe assembly as the shoe assembly is advanced past said adhesive-applying means.

References (iited in the tile of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,366,441 Westover Jan. 25, 1921 

